中国企业家 为什么中国还会爆发质量危机
中国产品的质量问题突然成为全世界舆论关注的焦点，甚至殃及整个“中国制造”的形象，这是中国改革开放30年来从来没有过的。<BR><BR> 这其中自然有贸易保护主义和反全球化者故意夸大甚至“妖魔化”的成分在里面，但是，人们还是难以理解，中国这个经过30年激烈竞争洗礼的傲视全球的制造业体系，怎么还会突然产生如此严重的质量信任危机？<BR><BR> 有一种广为流传的观点认为，类似这样大规模集中爆发的产品质量问题，是新兴市场国家必然经历的痛苦，二战后的日本、100年前的美国都曾经经历过。但是，“中国制造”应该已经走过了这样的阶段。中国的工业制造体系，应该已经过了质量关。<BR><BR> 上个世纪90年代初期，中国国内市场曾经集中爆发过一次“假冒伪劣”高潮，温州假皮鞋、晋江假药、山西假酒、伪劣保健品、进口垃圾服装、IT水货，此起彼伏，查不胜查，给国内消费者带来极大的经济和健康损失，引起了极大的质量信任危机。一时，质量问题引起政府和社会的高度关注，“打击假冒伪劣”、“维护消费者权益”成为中国经济生活中最重要的大事之一。半民间半政府的各种各级消费者协会大量成立并不断公布质量投诉结果，各级技术监督局权威大增；“3.15消费者权益日”及“CCTV3.15晚会”成为假冒伪劣者声名扫地甚至一夜破产的日子；“买一赔十”式的“王海打假”不时让商业企业陷入法律和声誉上的困境；艾丰先生发起的声势浩大的“质量万里行”活动以及随后的“名牌运动”，更是将质量意识和品牌意识深深植入一大批企业的文化基因当中。<BR><BR> 今天回想起来，那的确是一个疾风暴雨式的“质量普及年代”。经过那10年的洗礼，家电、IT、汽车、服装、食品饮料等质量问题曾经突出的行业，逐渐树立了强烈的质量意识和完善的管理机制，成长起了一大批著名的品牌公司。在国内市场上，质量投诉的“高发地带”，已经从加工制造业转移到住宅、通信、保险、医疗、教育等服务行业，“315”、消协、打假、质量万里行这些风靡一时的词汇，逐渐淡出公众和舆论焦点。以《中国企业家》为例，从2000年起，我们就不再把产品质量问题当作报道重点，实际上，我们所报道和关注的大中型制造企业，在最近的10多年里几乎没有发生过大的质量问题。<BR><BR> 那么，究竟为什么会在2007年重新爆发质量问题，并且引起强烈国际关注呢？<BR><BR> 一，这一轮爆发质量问题的行业，主要是饲料、食品、水产品、牙膏、玩具等低值易耗消费品制造行业；<BR><BR> 二，质量危机主要是由化学添加剂及化学用品引发的食品安全与环保问题导致；<BR><BR> 三，已经公布的问题企业，基本是不知名的“资浅企业”，或者说，不是国内消费者熟知的品牌企业。<BR><BR> 以上三点，全部是主流的中国制造体系没有涵盖的“边缘地带”，恰好也是产品质量的“危险地带”。也可以说，是上个世纪90年代的质量运动没能触及也无法解决的“死角”。<BR><BR> ——易生易灭的小型企业，是“中国制造”的塔基，也是质量软肋。政府和社会的质量管理体系，应该把主要精力转向这些“蚂蚁雄兵”；<BR><BR> ——这次质量危机实际上是环保危机。30年的高速发展污染了中国大地河湖，威胁着中国人民的健康，也损害了中国制造的形象。为了“中国制造”的未来，我们必须按照全球标准革新我们的整个环保体系。到从战略高度为中国制造“消毒”的时候了。(作者：牛文文)<font color="#FFFFFF">www.pingke.com</font></div></div><div class="margin_top"><span class="float_l">北京百城恩科技有限公司5，
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Many victims were trapped in their apartments by a raging fire that engulfed at least one building, according to police and Interior Ministry officials, who also said about 75 people were wounded. Stunned survivors stumbled through the rubble-strewn street, which was filled with the smoke from burning vehicles, witnesses said.The attack shattered the relative calm in the capital since a May 11 cease-fire ended seven weeks of fighting between U.S. and Iraqi forces and Shiite militants in the Sadr City district. Ironically, it came the same day the Iraqi parliament announced plans to move outside the U.S.-protected Green Zone.
Angry survivors blamed the army and police for failing to protect them.
"The blast occurred because there wasn't any security presence by the Iraqi army or police at the scene, not even any checkpoint," said Khalid Hassan, 40, who suffered shrapnel wounds and burns. "People were confused, upset and running in all directions. We are all victims of terrorism and carelessness."
The bomber struck about 5:45 p.m. near a market and bus stop in the Hurriyah district of west Baghdad, scene of some of the most horrific sectarian massacres during the wave of Sunni-Shiite slaughter in 2006.
Kamil Jassim, a witness, said the blast set fire to a generator used by residents and shopkeepers to supplement city power. The fire quickly spread to a two-story building containing both shops and apartments where many of the victims were found.
Haider Fadhil, a 25-year-old metal worker, said he was shopping with two friends when the blast hurled him to the ground.
"When I regained consciousness, I found that my left hand and leg were broken," Fadhil said from his bed in a nearby hospital, where anguished families wept as they jammed the waiting rooms. "Thanks be to God for saving me and thanks to those who carried me in their pickup truck to the hospital."
The blast was the deadliest attack in Baghdad since March 6, when a pair of bombs detonated in the mostly Shiite district of Karradah, killing 68 people and wounding about 120.
No group claimed responsibility for Tuesday's blast, and both Sunni and Shiite militants have used car bombs in their attacks.
The consumer inflation in China eased in May, official statistics showed on Thursday, reducing the pressure for harsher monetary tightening.
The consumer price index (CPI) grew 7.7 percent last month over a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said in a statement on its website, 0.8 percentage points lower than the decade-high growth of 8.5 percent in April.
While in line with economists' expectations, the figure is far higher than the official target of 4.8 percent for 2008, thus re-igniting stock investors' worries over a fresh round of monetary tightening.
They went into panic selling, pushing down the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index down 3.25 percent to close the morning session at 2,925.94 points.
That marked a loss of 12.13 percent in less than three sessions after the central bank hiked commercial banks' reserve ratio by 100 basis points to a record 17.5 percent during the weekend. It was the 15th increase in the percentage of deposits commercial banks must park with the central bank as reserves.
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Among food items, meat prices surged 37.8 percent, with that of pork, a staple meat for the Chinese, rising 48 percent, while cooking oil price went up 41.4 percent.
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The producer price index (PPI) accelerated to a three-year high of 8.2 percent in May on soaring energy prices, the NBS said on Wednesday. The PPI, which measures factory-gate prices, is believed to be a key leading indicator for the CPI and may lead to a rebound in consumer inflation.
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